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Number Theory
PrefaceThis set of notes on number theory was originally written in 1995 for studentsat the IMO level.
 It covers the basic background material that an IMOstudent should be familiar with.
 This text is meant to be a reference, andnot a replacement but rather a supplement to a number theory textbook;several are given at the back.
Proofs are given when appropriate, or whenthey illustrate some insight or important idea.
 The problems are culled fromvarious sources, many from actual contests and olympiads, and in generalare very difficult.